China’s climate risk public views and government response indices were constructed using 282,891 entries collected between 2011 and 2025 from the Message Board for Leaders. The messages were related to nine types of climate events: heavy rain, hail, low temperature, drought, high temperature, lightning, sandstorms, typhoons, and smog. The data is categorized into national indices (monthly, and yearly), provincial indices (31 provinces excluding Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, with monthly and yearly data), and city indices (293 cities with monthly and yearly data). Citation: Xiaolei Sun, Longfei Li, Yiran Shen, Yingjie Sheng, Dayong Zhang*, and Qiang Ji*. (2025). Climate risk expressions of public views and government responses in China. Scientific Data, 12(1): 877.